Case Study One: Martha Johnson’s Inheritance Essay

In â€Å"Case Study One: Martha Johnson’s Inheritance†, Martha Johnson is a fictional character who is facing a financial dilemma. Receiving an inheritance after losing her aunt, Martha contemplates a series of choices. She can buy a car, live on her own, temporarily stop working, and go on vacation. Ultimately, saving her money is the best choice for Martha. As with any decision there are consequences and rewards. In order to make the right choice, Martha needs to consider how her choice will affect her life in education, social/ family, and her future. In all instances education is by far the most important factor. If Martha chooses to take a three week vacation to Hawaii, all the work she has done to ensure her educational opportunities will be prolonged, leaving her with more work when she returns. Although the other choices benefit to education, this is not the case when it comes to her social and family needs. Because moving causes such a strain on families and the individual, although having more time to study, Martha will inevitably feel the guilt of leaving her ill mother alone, and lose focus on her school work. On the other hand, buying a car would improve her social life as well as provide transportation to and from school, but will prove to be a burden in the future. All the choices Martha is facing, proves to be temporary solutions, except saving her money. By doing so Martha can continue working, receive financial aid, and in the meanwhile add to her inheritance by placing it in a high-interest money-marketing fund. As determined and intelligent Martha is, this is the best choice for her.

MR Amin

Introduce yourself in an online discussion board. Due: Friday 1/8/2014 1. Go to the â€Å"49002 Managing Projects (Distance Mode)† section of Outselling 2. Post a short biography introducing yourself in the discussion board â€Å"Introductions for Distance Education students†. 3. Your description should include: a. Any project management experience (years and types of projects) Level of education and any bachelor degrees held What you hope to get out of the subject. B. Horn description of one of your most interesting projects. C. A Joke. Step 2 Select your study group members. Due: Monday 4/8/2014 4. Read all the introductory posts in the discussion board 5. Find 3 people with whom you have something in common 6. Comment on their posts providing a short explanation of the connections with your own introduction and why this might be the basis for a good group interaction. Step 3 Enroll in your group in TTS online Due: Tuesday 5/8/2014 1 . Self-enroll in one of the Groups (Group 1 Distance†¦Group 8 Distance) with three other students you have met on the discussion board. Step 4 Discussion on Assignment 2. Due: Wednesday 6/8/2014 1 . Create a new thread in your group discussion board called â€Å"Assignment 2†. 2. Identify the elements of the assignment that need to be completed before the due date. 3. At the end of this discussion (Step 4) complete the first survey in SPARK. You can access SPARK via the link in the left column on TTS online titled â€Å"SPARK† 1 .

Changes in Legal Defence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Changes in Legal Defence - Essay Example This is the bedrock of the Canadian legal system and the concept of defense is crucial in the determination of culpability. In the worst case scenario they must be given the opportunity to justify their actions through defenses. Recent events have shown unique and new cases that demonstrate the evolving nature of the legal system. These reflected in the way the law is ever changing in order to maintain a valid standpoint. An important aspect to this characteristic is how new legal defenses become legitimate and necessary addition to the legal system. There are several land mark cases in which seemingly absurd ideas such as automatism, battery and duress become legitimate defenses and excuses from criminal guilt and culpability.   Automatism Automatism attracted attention recently with several high profile criminal cases that led to acquittal. The decisions for these cases constitute entirely new elements to Canadian jurisprudence. For example, there was the case of Kenneth Parks wh o killed his mother in-law and attempted to do the same to her husband. This happened in 1987 and was a controversial event that riveted the whole country until a verdict was reached in 1988. Ramsland (2010) provided the grisly and enlightening details: He rose from bed and got into his car. Despite, as he said later, not being awake, he drove about 14 miles to the home of his wife's parents in Scarborough. Accounts say he then removed a tire iron from the car and entered the house, where he proceeded to beat his mother-in-law to death and choke his father-in-law into unconsciousness. He also used a knife from his in-laws' kitchen to stab them. (Ramsland, 2011) The defense for Park was automatism. His lawyer argued that this defense is supported by several important evidences. First, the perpetrator had a history of sleepwalking. Secondly, he had a good relationship with his wife’s parents and, hence, had no motive for murder. Park’s defense team assembled an army of e xperts – psychiatrists, psychologist, neurologist, and a sleep disorder specialist - explaining what automatism is. (Ramsland) The â€Å"disorder was new to the jury and, certainly, to the legal system. There is no explicit reference to this in the Canadian jurisprudence that is why the defense settled on homicidal somnambulism. The collective arguments presented by the experts, who demonstrated how sleepwalking is a neurotic disorder and could result in an individual having less control of his or her actions, finally convinced the court that Parks was innocent. It was declared that his acts were unmediated and unconsciously committed, hence, free from criminal liability. The cases of murder and attempted murder lodged against him were promptly dismissed. As a defense, automatism is considered to be a category separate from insanity plea. A case of a woman charged with murdering her husband had the jury reject the verdict of not guilty by reason of insanity but acquitted her of murder on the basis of automatism because she was proven to be subject to narcolepsy, a rare sleeping disorder. (McCord, McCord & Bailyer, 2011, p. 254) Another case, however, show a different facet to this type of defense. This was the case of William Wade who was charged with murder when he repeatedly stabbed his wife, banging her head on the

The Social Impact of Economic Crises Research Proposal

The Social Impact of Economic Crises - Research Proposal Example Most of the economic problems were attributed to World War I. In the aftermath, economies were trying to recover from the losses while nations in Europe strived to repay the debts acquired in the war. The United States was affected by the depression to a large extent and it ended just before the beginning of Second World War which again led to enormous spending to finance the war. Its impact affected the social lives of people even long after it ended. In a bid to conquer the impact of the great depression, President Roosevelt of the United States established a peace time strategy which had wide transformation within the free trade structure thereby encouraging the formation of the welfare states. The government would intervene in to socio-economic activities with the aim of assisting the citizens at a wider perspective. After the great depression, the government and the citizens learned to appreciate the role of the government in ensuring the welfare of the people as well in economi c development. The programs created by President Roosevelt culminated in political alliances. These alliances were important in the eventual formation of the Democratic Party. The depression played a significant role in shaping the lives of many Americans. None of them would like a repeat of the suffering that they underwent within that period. They could now see the need to save money for future use. This ended up improving their asset ownership in order to secure property that could assist them in such difficult times.

Assess the importance of Chapter One in Great Expectations by Charles Essay

Assess the importance of Chapter One in Great Expectations by Charles Dickens - Essay Example Pip is an orphan who has had a good though sometimes rough upbringing by his sister Estella. The focus in the entire novel is on the family, which starts from the very first chapter as Pip spends his time in the graveyard amongst his family members. He has never seen his parents ‘for their days were long before the days of photographs’ (5; ch 1). This also creates the atmosphere that the novel was created in the early nineteenth century. With child-like innocence, he conjures the image of his parents (whom he had never seen) by carefully studying the lettering on the tomb. The first chapter draws out the tension and creates the proper mood for the novel. ‘Ours was the marsh country (13; ch 1) denotes the depressing atmosphere in which Pip lives as a child. It symbolizes the uncertain and mysterious times in his life. This bleak place overgrown with nettles was the churchyard (15-16; ch 1), the low leaden line beyond, was the river; the distant savage lair was the sea (19-21; ch 1)– add to the dreary scene. It also builds up a sense of dread that something fearful is about to happen. Soon after this Magwitch appears and threatens to cut Pip’s throat. The repetition creates an atmosphere of subdued and miserable tension that besieged Pip’s life when he discovers in chapter 39 that his benefactor is none other than Magwitch, the escaped convict who he had met at the graveyard. This revelation is awful and it destroys the little peace that he had known. The chapter further illustrates that no act of kindness ever goes unnoticed. He is frightened into helping an escaped convict called Magwitch. Pip returns bringing food and drink for Magwitch and this act of kindness has important consequences later in the novel. It was an act out of fear, as Pip was scared of Magwitch’s violent threats and because Magwitch made him promise, "Say

Video Clip with Written Assignmen Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Video Clip with Written Assignmen - Essay Example Though the changes have not contributed much in changing the public figure of nursing, nurses have gained sovereignty, accountability in addition to increasing their duties in the health care. Contemporary nursing on the other hand is exclusive as it includes not just knowledge from a specialised body, but also making use of composite level of technology, vast actions and attained skills (Auerbach et al., 2007). This era faces nursing scarcity and therefore in order to meet the growing demand, nurses are required to continue with their contemporary roles and responsibilities. Incentives for maintenance ought to be developed in order to support these aging and experienced nurses as well as postponing their retirement. According to the Bureau of Labour Statistics the clinical health care industry is currently made up of over 2 million strong nurses. Nurses are of different types with a broad capacity of responsibility and their profession is obtained differently. The first part will analyse the traditional roles of RNs in Australia and Internationally as well as identifying the factors leading to extensive scope of their roles and responsibilities. The second part will discuss the expanded roles and responsibilities of RNs drawn from related literature. The results of these changes to the clinical care will also be discussed. Most of these responsibilities go beyond the legal boundaries with the problems that come with compromising the safe care patients. Lorenzo et al. (2007) describes that this kind of situation may lead to a state of confusion, anxiety and conflict experienced by the registered nurses. The traditional role of RNs included accessing, planning, evaluating and implementing nursing care of the injured and the sick patients. Nurses have considerably improved on their scope of duties by offering education services as well as clinical training in contrast to that of licensed practical nurses (American Nurses Association, 2006). The first

Business Ethics; Multinational Companies and child labour Essay

Business Ethics; Multinational Companies and child labour - Essay Example This change lowers the return to education and raises the opportunity cost of an education, thereby stimulating child labour†. According to the article 32 of The United Nations’ Convention on the Rights of the Child  in 1990, â€Å"the child to be protected from economic exploitation and from performing any work that is likely to be hazardous or to interfere with the childs education, or to be harmful to the childs health or physical, mental, spiritual, moral or social development† (All India council of human rights, n.d.). This report shall look into three core principles; 1)How child labour causes problems to the development of children? 2) Why organizations are keen in encouraging child labour? and 3)Why parents take child labour lightly? The case of Nike and Disney shall be discussed as case studies in conjunction with the child labour issue in this report since these companies have met with severe criticism related to its policies towards child labour in the past. â€Å"Nike has been accused of using child labour in the production of its soccer balls in Pakistan† (NIKE: Nike Shoes and Child Labor in Pakistan, n.d.). â€Å"Disneys best-selling  Cars  toys are being made in a factory in China that uses child labour and forces staff to do three times the amount of overtime allowed by law† (Disney, Mattel and Wal-mart toy-maker accused of child labour, 2013). All India council of human rights, N.d. Child labour laws and initiatives. [Online] Available at: http://www.humanrightscouncil.in/index.php/component/k2/item/124-child-labour-laws-and-initiatives [Accessed 20 January 2014] Brown, D.K., Deardorff, A.V. and Stern, R.M. 2002. The determinants of child labour: Theory And Evidence. [Online] Available at: http://www.fordschool.umich.edu/rsie/workingpapers/Papers476-500/r486.pdf [Accessed 20 January 2014] Disney, Mattel and Wal-mart toy-maker accused of

Compare and Contrast Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Compare and Contrast - Research Paper Example The Greek ideal was defined by the term â€Å"kalokagathia†. Since kalokagathia included the perfection of the body and physical constitution as well as moral and spiritual perfection, along with the beauty and power of the ideal, there was brought justice, purity, courage, and intelligence (Dombrowski 8). That is what made the sculptures of Greek gods carved by ancient sculptors of the unique beauty. Sculptures of all periods of Greek art were notable for its special beauty and the masterly performance. Passing to the specific examples, the current paper will compare and contrast two Greek sculptures of different periods: Peplos Kore and Aphrodite from Melos. The Archaic period in the history of Ancient Greece lasted from 8th to 6th centuries BCE. During this period, there was a rapid development of the material culture, handicraft centers, agriculture, and trade. There also occurred an intensification of city growth. This was the right moment for further development of art t hat, afterwards, glorified Ancient Greece: vase painting; monumental architecture, lyric poetry, and marble sculpture. The first sculptures in Greece began to emerge in the 7th century BCE. The island of Crete was a motherland for monumental sculpture. There were found stone sculptures of young male athletes and warriors that are dated back to the early 7th century BCE. Cretan school of sculpture created its important standards of simple and clear outline of the sculpture, generalized form, strict balance of all parts of sculpture, and frontal composition of the construction. Crete laid the basis for an ideal type of female and male statues, kore and kouros. Peplos Kore (ca.530 BCE.) was a statue of a young woman (maiden) standing in the constrained position. The statue of a girl was made a life-size or slightly smaller. On the tranquil and serene face of the statue the sculptor portrayed the so-called â€Å"archaic smile† to show that the sculpture is alive. Kores were dress ed in peplos, the draped tunic that hides the asymmetry of the figure (in the Attic school of sculpture most statues were dressed in peplos). Thus, the whole outfit gave the sense of girl purity and innocence. It should be noted that kores, the statue of the maidens, were never sculpted naked, in contrast to the male sculptures of the same period. Kores were designed with two purposes. Firstly, kores were dedicated to Greek gods. In this case, the kore was holding an object that was associated with the â€Å"occupation† of the god she was devoted to. On the footing of the statue, there was cut the text of dedication, the name of the sculptor, and the name of the person that paid for the making of the statue (patron). Secondly, kores were made to set at the cemetery on the graves of the distinguished citizens. In this case, the kore was made of resemblance with the deceased. Kores were the leading element in the Greek sculpture of the Archaic period (Stansbury-O’Donnell 138). The emotional clarity of this captivating image was once strengthened with bright coloring of the sculpture. In accordance with the Archaic standard, the eyebrows and eyelashes were blue, eyes and lips were brown, hair, flowing over the shoulders, was pinkish red, and the edge of the linen chiton and cape were painted green. The initial colors that were used for sculpture were restored from the small pieces of paint that were preserved on the kores. All kores that reached our days were very much alike. It was

Impact of Recent Specific External Environmental Change Essay

Impact of Recent Specific External Environmental Change - Essay Example Planning is the outlined steps on how to achieve your company’s goal. For instance, I am currently working with a toy company and I apply these skills on a daily basis. However, one will realize it is important to outline steps on how to offer the best services, attract a large market share and how to expand services internationally. Organizing falls right after planning. After the manager has come up with a good plan, the manager starts to organize the materials and staff according to the plan (Adrienne 2006, p. 68). He or she will give authority to staff. Similarly, different staff members usually perform different duties. Staffing is also a key contributor to a good managerial function. A manager must work hand in hand with the human resource department in the company to ensure recruitment, training, selecting and developing employees is perfect. This helps the company in having qualified and hardworking staff. In addition, the manager needs more than just organizing or pla nning. The manager needs to motivate his employees. He also needs to encourage his employees. He can achieve this by solving the arising problems that the employees are facing. This helps in building a good relationship between the employees and the manager. Consequently, controlling also being one of the major functions is important. After all the four functions are in place, the manager has to be checking on the progress just to ensure that the organization is running smoothly. He has to check and ensure that the company is running in accordance with the set objectives and goals. Hence, the manager has to be in control. The external environment has two major divisions, namely: direct and indirect interactive (Bassie 2008, p. 161). In direct interactive, the environment has an immediate impact on the organization. A new competitor entering the market is a good example for direct interactive. However, in indirect interactive the environment has a secondary impact on the organization . Similarly, planning being the major role of management requires modernized and accurate decision making for the company’s achievement. It is evident that without planning, one is destined to fail. Additionally, planning gives an organization a sense of direction in that they are able to deal with any organizational problem efficiently (Burke 2010, p. 8). Without a plan, organizations are likely to make temporary choices that will impinge on the organization in the end. With a plan, long-term decisions make the organization work efficiently. Planning gives the employees a sense of motivation. The employees knowing the results will work tirelessly towards the purposed goal. In addition, it brings teamwork, with a well-outlined plan; people of different roles are able to work together in harmony knowing what they are supposed to do. Planning helps reduce potential problems in the future; it makes problem solving easier because the people involved already know how they will han dle it. Similarly, a good plan helps in decision-making. However,

Role Of Perception Essay Example for Free

Role Of Perception Essay Perception plays a vital role in a beings life, especially in that of a human. Many people choose to believe what they see, and believing links with knowing as it is a component of knowing. We also choose to see what we believe and therefore both statements are complimentary. Human beings tend to believe with evidence rather than believing in something blindly. Belief is usually based on evidence and the evidence is usually linked with our senses. If we see something, we believe in it because we are able to back our assumption with evidence because we have witnessed it. Human reality may also be based on scientific evidence because science which involves historical evidence is able to prove certain theories. Even though we may not witness it with our senses, we believe in the theories accepted by many other scientists. For example, the world trade center was demolished on September 11th, 2001. We suddenly think, how is it possible to destroy one of the greatest and tallest buildings in the world even after the first attempt to destroy it back in 1993. Suddenly as we see it everywhere in the news and read it everywhere, we strongly believe in it rather than half believing in it because we have seen images and video clips of the incident. Humans, according to E.F. Schumacher have the elements of matter, life, consciousness, and self awareness or intelligence. Our self awareness enables us to see things the way we do and it is accepted psychologically that we hold fast to what we can see and experience. Yet knowledge plays a vital role in believing along with language. Since we can read and understand as well as communicate, we can share ideas expanding our knowledge. This also ties in with the senses of hearing and seeing. Knowledge according to Plato is justified true belief. Our senses of hearing and sight enable us to justify what we believe. Since elementary we have learned simple to complex equations and yet we are still learning. Some smart mathematician discovered that 2 + 2 equals 5. We have seen for ourselves by taking two pieces of chocolate for example and adding another two pieces of chocolate we get four pieces. A simple experiment such as that enables us to see as well as learn simple mathematical equations. This  really helps create a basic foundation in learning, especially in the mind of a child. However if it were not for language, 2 + 2 might as well equal a parasite or two thousand if it were not for language. We have learned the basics of English or whatever language we know and therefore it makes sense to us that 2 + 2 equals 4 rather than any answer which we might consider ridiculous. It is also very easy to be fooled into seeing what we believe. It is both good an bad in a sense but it depends on the person. I am referring to people because we have four elements matter, life, consciousness, and intelligence or self awareness- according to E.F. Schumacher. Animals lack self awareness according to Schumacher even though they have some intelligence. I think it is true because have if we think about it, have we ever seen a dog making a computer or bombs? In the most extreme case a dog may be able to move a mouse or open a program or maybe short a bomb and make it explode, but then again others might object because these thoughts may vary from person to person according to their point of view. We are sometimes forced to believe certain things without having 100% evidence showing or stating that its true. Take Religion for example. I believe there is a god but how do we choose when there are over millions in the world. I believe that there is a god controlling the universe but how do we know for sure? I believe that is where faith comes in. Sometimes we have to believe blindly. Even though in the Bible it says In the beginning god created heaven and earth and saw that it was good, it is considered a mythical story. Who saw god create earth, light, water, or animals? According to the Bible, Adam was created on the 6th day, so there is no way a human took an account of the events as they happened. In religion, we are born into a tradition which enables us to see through rituals. It is a framework to many which leads them through the joys and troubles of life. Religion can be a new way of seeing, however it may create havoc by causing people to jump to conclusions. For example, a person was involved in a car accident. Say they were traveling at a high speed and they lost controlled  and crashed into an oncoming truck. The car is totaled but the person is knocked unconscious but returns to consciousness realizing what has happened and they have to broken bones or scratches indicating what has happened. People may immediately say it was by the grace of god nothing happened to me, but if we think about it, it is their belief that they are seeing no matter how hard you try to convince them it was something else. A simpler example would be that of a person who is terrified of ghosts. This person might believe in ghosts robustly and then might think that they have seen one in the middle of the night. What most probably has happened is that this person believes strongly that ghosts exist and what happened was that they saw a fluttering white sheet or a moons shadow which has been cast on a scarecrow which is swaying in the wind. The mind immediately plays a trick on this person, fooling them into believing that they ad seen a ghost. Another example could be a man who cannot see beauty. He might not believe in it at all and finally when the most beautiful woman in the world crosses him, he may not be able to realize her beauty. These two examples can be examples of when seeing what you believe may fool a person. I think the statement  ¨you see what you believe ¨ is true because we do tend to believe entirely if we have some sort of proof or evidence.  ¨You see what you believe is also true as we tend to believe in things blindly as well. I feel it may be misleading at times but the statement is true and this partial statement completes the first.

Macbeth And Jay Gatsby | Evaluation

Macbeth And Jay Gatsby | Evaluation Jay Gatsby and Macbeth are in many ways responsible for their own downfalls, though I believe that Macbeth contributes more directly to his downfall than the comparatively indirect actions of Gatsby. Both characters are in some ways also to blame for the demise of other characters and their unrealistic hopes, dreams and ambitions bring about their untimely death. Moreover, the influence of key characters, especially women, whom are associated with Macbeth and Gatsby contribute to some extent to the two protagonists downfalls. By records, Macbeth is thought to have been written by William Shakespeare around 1603 and 1607, during the reign of James I, who became king in 1603. James was one of Shakespeares playing companys patrons, The Lord Chamberlains Men, and this play shows Shakespeares thoughts towards the king. Fitzgerald began The Great Gatsby in June 1922. It was written and takes place during the Roaring Twenties in a post World War One America, described as a time when gin was the national drink and sex was the national obsession. The novel was finally finished and published in 1925. The presentation of Gatsby and Macbeth at the start of their stories to the reader are contrasting to that at the end. The fist mention of Macbeth at the start of the play is by witches. To the audience, this automatically associates Macbeth with evil and witchcraft. To amplify this connection, Macbeth is given similar lines to the witches, Fair is foul, and foul is fair (1:1:10) from the witches and So foul and fair a day I have not seen from Macbeth to Banquo. Yet Macbeth is described by the bloody captain as a valiant and brave soldier on the battlefield, like Valours minion (1:2:19) and whose sword smoked with bloody execution (1:2:18); showing that Macbeth is worthy of the name brave Macbeth (1:2:16). But through the play, the character of Macbeth gradually deteriorates into a frail, cowardly man who is profoundly disillusioned, totally in contrast to the portrayal of him by the bloody captain. A similar change occurs during The Great Gatsby, where initially the character of Jay Gatsby is portrayed by Fitzgerald as mysterious, and who represented to Nick everything for which I have an unaffected scorn. Throughout the novel, Gatsby comes across as forlorn and lonely, and this feeling of isolation is emphasised during Gatsbys party at the beginning of chapter three in which he invites other lonely aristocrats, in the off chance that Daisy might appear. Nick feels as though there is more to this man than the stories Gatsby tells him of a gallant war hero, saying that every Allied government gave him a decoration even Montenegro, whom earned millions in the liquor business. But Gatsby is only cheating himself as he lies about his past, his family and his travels around the world. As the story goes on, Gatsbys goal becomes ever clearer, eventually reaching a point in which is similar to that of Macbeth; pathetic, dishonest, and desperate. The influence of women in the characters lives contributes towards the initial rise and then breakdown of their hopes, dreams and ambitions. During The Great Gatsby, the influence of Daisy plays on Gatsbys mind until his death. In a past life, Gatsby and Daisy had very strong feelings for each other before she and Tom became married. These feelings have long since left Daisy yet she still has a strong influence in Gatsbys life bringing to light the ultimate reason for his downfall. Fitzgerald uses Gatsby waiting at his phone and lurking outside his house as a metaphor for his and Daisys relationship. Gatsbys feelings for her are not realistic or worthy but this is what drives him on through life and it comes across that he would do anything to have her love him again. Nick observes He wanted nothing less of Daisy than that she should go to Tom and say: I never loved you'. Nick states that Gatsby found what a grotesque thing a rose is, a rose usually being relating to beauty, which de spite Gatsby telling Daisy that he loved her for other reasons, would have effected Gatsbys thoughts towards Daisy. Macbeth, though initially worthy of his title of Thane of Cawdor, is ironically overwhelmed by the great power that his wife, Lady Macbeth, has upon him. She comes across as a very influential woman of great strength and determination as of act three scene two in which the viscous plan of convincing Macbeth to kill Duncan is masterminded. But around act three, scene two, Lady Macbeth undertakes a dramatic change to take the appearance of a friendlier character towards Macbeth. Her level of influence over Macbeth gradually deteriorates and the guilt manifests inside her, turning her mad, eventually leading to a break down when she commits suicide. To ensure and emphasise the hopes and ambitions of Macbeth, the witches also play a direct role in influencing Macbeth by creating a prediction of the future. An example of these predictions is the title of Thane of Cawdor that Macbeth is to receive All hail, Macbeth! hail to thee Thane of Cawdor! at which Macbeth replies in disbelief But ho w of Cawdor? The Thane of Cawdor lives. The witches also foresee Macbeth becoming king, which Macbeth uses to convince himself to make this happen. Ultimately the gradual decline of the characters leads directly onto their deaths. The way in which Macbeth falls is crucial to his isolation in the castle during the attack. The most significant factor to which contributed to Macbeths downfall was paranoia. The fact that Macbeth had committed treason by killing Duncan fed his paranoia and could only ensure his safety by more action. Macbeth was aware that Banquo could suspect him of committing this crime and could not afford to let him be which lead only to one conclusion, the death of him and his family. In this way Macbeth takes on a more tyrannical view towards those he believes might succeed or even kill him. By the attack of the castle near the end of the play, there are few who would stand for Macbeth during the battle. Shakespeare then gives the reader a sense for Macbeths situation using very poetic language in the unlikely situation of combat, I have livd long enough. My way of life is falln into the sere, the yellow leaf, and that which should accompany old age. This shows that Macbeth realises that he has brought about his own downfall, and realises that there is little or no point in trying to redeem himself of his sins other than being killed and therefore almost allows Macduff to kill him. But he is proud at death. In some ways, the way in which Gatsby falls is similar to that of Macbeth in the sense of dishonesty. Yet the most significant aspect of it is the continuing build up of lie upon lie by Gatsby to those around him and himself. His life and livelihood are based upon his hopes and ambitions of once again being together with Daisy. Gatsby does not really see Daisy for who she is, but has rather built up an idealistic image of her. This build up of lies leads Mr Wilson to believe that Gatsby is the one that is having an affair with Myrtle and to Tom implying that he ran her down in the street, and therefore these rumours lead Mr Wilson to kill Gatsby for what he thinks Gatsby has done. Gatsbys romantic feelings are lost for Daisy by her rejection, and so death is more or less accepted by Gatsby. For Macbeth, Banquo is another influence, but in contrast to the influence of the witches and Lady Macbeth. In act one, scene three, after the predictions of Macbeths future are made, the witches foresee the future for Banquo as well, comparing it to that of Macbeth Lesser than Macbeth, and greater, Not so happy, yet much happier and Thou shalt get kings, though thou be none Later in the play Macbeth portrays these predictions as a danger to his power, foreseeing them as a betrayal by Banquo. This fuels Macbeths paranoia and leads to the slaughter of Banquo and his family And the right-valiant Banquo walked too late; whom, you may say, ift please you, Fleance killed, for Fleance fled. This paranoia eventually leads to Macbeths downfall. Another influence in Gatsbys life is the mysterious character of Meyer Wolfsheim. The reader is not presented much about this character, but from Nicks observations we see that he has had business relations with Gatsby. From what we do know, he is involved in the liquor business, of which Gatsby also seems to be a part of. To Gatsby, Meyer Wolfsheim is his apparent mentor, who could possibly have influenced Gatsby into his business. But it becomes apparent that Meyer Wolfsheim is involved in illegal businesses, taking fixing the World Series for example, which brings to light the possible truth behind Gatsbys fortune. In summary, the similar effects of the characters allowing themselves be influenced by women, and the characters unrealistic and unworthy hopes, dreams, and ambitions are the ways in which they are responsible for and gradually lead to the deaths of other characters around them and to the downfall and eventual untimely demise of the characters themselves.

Computer Matching Versus Privacy :: Private Personal Information Essays

Computer Matching Versus Privacy Introduction With the advent of new computer technologies, the ease with which new information can be discovered from aggregating data sources is astounding. This technique is called computer matching. When it comes to doing research this can be an incredible source of new ideas and correlations between sets of data. However, this same technique can be applied to information about individual people. Suddenly, by pulling together disparate sources of data, private information can be learned about an individual without their knowledge or consent. If the organization that is capable of computer matching is a government, it places a lot of information in the hands of a powerful entity. A question of whether the government should have this new information is a significant one. What if the government were not allowed to ask you for information that is discoverable through computer matching? Should the government be allowed to use this technique to yield the same information? This ethical dilemma is covered in this paper. Relevant information will be used from the laws in the United States and the European Union to illustrate the different perspectives on the privacy of citizens and the approaches each government takes to it. Letter of the Law or Spirit? Many countries around the world have laws on what information a government can ask from its citizens. These laws typically focus on protecting the privacy of individual citizens and preventing discrimination based upon the collected information. Computer matching could place this same information in the hands of the government. In the United States, US law prohibits the direct collection of certain information. This includes, but not limited to information about ethnicity, sexual orientation, etc1. The European Union (EU) has set guidelines for members of the union. These guidelines set strict rules for the â€Å"processing† of personal information. The EU defines processing as collection, use, storage, retrieval, transmission, destruction, and other actions2. The rules also provide provisions requiring the consent of the individual person before this â€Å"processing† can occur. It is apparent that the intentions of the laws for the United States and the EU are to protect the privacy of their citizens. However, loopholes exist in these laws that allow the governments to bend these laws. In the United States, the law prevents the government from asking for certain information, but it does not prevent it from purchasing this information or using matching techniques to discover it.

Gold Rush And War :: essays research papers

A gold rush leads to war The American Civil War (1861-1865) and the Reconstruction period that followed were the bloodiest chapters of American history to date. Brother fought brother as the population was split along sectional lines. The issue of slavery divided the nation's people and the political parties that represented them in Washington. The tension which snapped the uneasy truce between north and south began building over slavery and statehood debates in California. In 1848, settlers discovered gold at Sutter's Mill, starting a mass migration. By 1849, California had enough citizens to apply for statehood. However, the debate over whether the large western state would or would not allow slavery delayed its admittance. Delegates from the south threatened to secede if California was admitted as a free state. Meanwhile, tempers also flared in New Mexico and Texas over border disputes, and abolitionists fought pro-slavery advocates over the issue of slave trading within the District of Columbia. Southern political leaders, mostly Democrats, proposed a convention in Nashville to discuss secession. In 1850, Henry Clay proposed the Compromise of 1850 to Congress. The Compromise contained the following provisions: California would enter the union as free state. New Mexico territory would be divided into New Mexico and Utah, and offered popular sovereignty. Texas must yield disputed territory to New Mexico in return for federal assumption of its state debt. Trading, but not possession, of slaves would be banned from the District of Columbia. Fugitive slave laws would be enhanced. Zachary Taylor, who was president at the time, was prepared to veto the bills, but died suddenly. His successor, Millard Fillmore, allowed the provisions to pass one at a time with the help of Stephen Douglas. The Nashville Convention met soon afterwards and denounced the plan, but took no decisive action. This uneasy truce would last for only four years. In 1854, the Kansas-Nebraska Act makes further compromis e practically impossible. It granted popular sovereignty to both states, in the hopes that they would split on the slavery issue and continue the shaky equality between slave and free states. Nebraska quickly adopted an free-soil constitution and was admitted as a free state. Kansas, however, was badly split along sectional lines, and opposing political forces ratified both a free and a slave constitution in 1855. Riots broke out everywhere, and "Bleeding Kansas" fell into chaos. John Brown, an infamous and rebellious abolitionist, killed five pro-slavery activists in 1856 in retaliation for the murder of five abolitionists.

The Mirroring Lives of a Jamaican and a Rastafarian Essay -- essays pa

The Mirroring Lives of a Jamaican and a Rastafarian Introduction This paper is a series of two interviews that I had over the course of the semester. I used both of the interviews as a series of research. I then used this research and supported it with published work. The first interview occurred when I was in Jamaica. I randomly crossed paths with Peter. He informed my friends and I that he was a Rastafarian. We spoke with him for about two hours on the beach. He informed us about his religion and his lifestyle. Unaware at the time that I would use this knowledge in my paper I am pleasantly surprised that I was able to transgress this information. The second interview was with Marie Debal. She is one of my sister’s clients. Upon informing my sister about this class and the paper that was due she suggested that I speak with Marie to get information. Marie was the perfect contrast to Peter. She grew up on the island and was raised as a Jamaican woman. Her family traveled a lot with in the island so Marie was very informative about her home land. She came to the United States for college and then stayed to work in New York City working for the Jamaican tourist board. From the interesting aspects that Peter had spoken about I decided to get Marie’s opinion on some of the same topics. I thought these two people would create an interesting contrast to my paper. Today they both live two very different lives but they share very similar backgrounds. Interviewee A background: Name: Peter Age: 30 Home: Jamaica Blue Mountains Occupation: Rastafarian Marital status: none and lives alone Education: self educated by other Rastafarians with in his village Interviewee B background: Name: Marie Debal Age... ...that each of them transgressed into my understanding makes me feel privilege to have even spoken with them. Bibliography Barrow, Steve & Dalton, Peter, Reggae: The Rough Guide New York: Penguin, 1997. Pinkey, http://web.lexis-nexis.com/univer Barrett, Leonard, The Rastafarians Boston: Beacon, 1997. Manely, Michael, The Politics of Change New York: Natural History Press, 1992. Ie: Garvey,1 Kerr, Madeline, Personality and Conflict in Jamaica London: Collins Pub, 1961. Charlie, Susan, Tourism Continues in Jamaica Newsweek, 1997. Zips, Robert, Rastafari New York: Natural History Press, 1993. Winston, Phillip "Revitalization Movements" London: Associated Press, 1995. Cashmore, Ernest, Rastaman: The Rastafarian Movement in England London, Penguin, 1996. Brown, Samuel E., "The Truth About Rastafarians," The Liberator, vol. 3, no.9 Kingston, 1963.

StatementofWork

Clients are urged to ensure that all the details contained within this proposal meet their requirements before further work commences. If the nature and scope of the project changes the costs and timings need to be revised. Once this document has been approved, the project will progress into the next stages. This may include further documentation detailing requirements and functionality or it may go straight into design. This will depend on the nature of the project. Overview The Brief What Network Solutions is going to be doing is setting up the wired and wireless outwork for Retail/Wholesale Sales at their location in Atlanta Georgia.Objectives and Business Requirements So our main objectives will be setting up all the cat 6 and fiber optic cabling, the server room, the Wi-If access points, the computers, printers and phones. Target Audience This statement is intended for the fallowing parties; the company owners, management and facilitator. Project So what we (Network Solutions) p lan on doing are as fallows. We will be setting up a server room in the basement as the central location. We will be using lockable beanies for the security of the servers.We are going to run a backbone to all the floors, then we will be running Cat 6 cable for each drop aka; computer, printer, access points and extra runs for a ten percent growth. We will be terminating all cables, testing all cables, setting up all workstations, printers and access points. [Insert the estimate here. ] Items Features/Functionality Lockable cabinets To protect the servers Access points For using Wi-If Routers To connect to the WAN Cabling The network the devices Servers To run the network Workstations/mobile workstationsTo provide a place to work Wall plates For ease of access Switches To connect multiple Lana Terminators Ease of access 110 blocks To connect multiple workstations Phones For communication Outline Requirements Promotion and Communication We will be using Continuum for system back up a nd Webfoot for end point solutions. We Network Solutions will be in charge of system backups and network issues. The data will be coming from Verizon and dish, and monitored by Continuum.Its web base client will have an agent installed on each server and local machine enabling he support solution company with data for the backup set, internet speeds, virus definitions and more hardware notifications. Look and Feel Neat and professional. Business Continuity (Disaster Recovery) The Continuum's TATTOO system is a snap shot to a virtual ready cloud so it will be an easy recovery system. Roles and Responsibilities Network Solutions will be taking care of all the install and set up. Assumptions, Exclusions Point of sale is to be provided by another vender and will not be provided by Network Solutions.

The Coca †Cola Product

Known to manufacture and distribute non-alcoholic and carbonated beverages, Coca-Cola Bottling Company, which is now known as Coca-Cola Bottling Company Consolidated in Charlotte North Carolina, started at Atlanta in 1886. CCBCC also manufactures bottled water, teas, sports drink, etc. The other branches of this company are dispersed at South Carolina, Alabama, Tennessee and other parts of North America. Coke is a trademark product of this company and has been distributed all throughout the world. It is very trivial where and how this drink has started. According to some historical accounts of CCBCC, the carbonated drink was first introduced as a fountain drink and was not commercially produced as canned or bottled. It was just when Mr. Harrison packaged this product that people became aware of its commercialization. To promote the product, many advertisement programs in radio, television and newspapers were made and had contributed to the fame of Coke. Famous personalities like Bill Gates had been a part of the continuing recognition of the said product. And since its production begun a century ago, there are jingles of Coke that are still remembered now like â€Å"When the Holidays Come Along†(with the lyrics, ‘whenever there’s a coke there’s always a fun†¦), â€Å"The Bee Gees Coke Commercial†, â€Å"Have a Coke and Smile† (produced on 1981) and a very recent commercial aired last year, â€Å"The Coca-Cola Happiness Factory†. Mr. J. Frank Harrison III, a descendant of Mr. Harrison way back in 1902,   is currently the Chief Executive Officer, Chairman of Executive Committee and Chairman of Finance Committee of CCBCC.   Also, Mr. Steven D. Westphal acts as the Chief Finance Officer and joins the executive committee of the company. Moreover, Coca Cola Enterprises Incorporated shares in owning CCBCC and is said to have 1000 shares as of August 2007. Under the Beverage – Soft Drinks Industry, CCBCC is the top grosser on stocks among Pepsi Company Inc., Cadbury Schweppes Americas Beverages, Groupe Danone World Water Division, and other companies providing the same product as of the present. As of August 31, 2007, CCBCC sells Coke at an average of $58.67. From the recent quarterly reports of the company, it is stated that it has a net income of $11.7 million as of July 1 2007. This is higher than the calculated quarterly net income of April 2007 which was $4.7 million, more than a hundred percent increase on net income. The repots for the stockholders also said that there is a one percent increase on the net sales of the product that was from the decrease in the selling price of bottles/cans. Also, the charts and graphs presented for the evaluation of the sales and production of Coke on July 2007 stated that it has increased its selling price compared to the past months. Since there are still products emerging from this company and their bottling capacities are of good quality (as they claim it), I think that in the future Coca-Cola Bottling Company Consolidated will still be a big influence in the Food Industry, especially in the beverage – soft drinks sections.   By looking on the reports passed to the stockholders (which I think Coca-Cola Enterprises Inc. owns), it will have a progress for the years ahead bearing the quarterly increases on the incomes and the people who patronizes coke. Constant observation and evaluation of the company’s performance, the improvements and modifications for the product can be done for a more successful path in the economy.   Indeed this product will still be a boom for the next generations. The red truck carrying loads of Coca-cola products will still roam around vicinities in the countries, and Coca-Cola will still rock markets and stocks. Coca-Cola Bottling Co. Consolidated (COKE). 2007. Yahoo! Finance. September 2, 2007.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Coca Cola Bottling Co. Consolidated – Company Profile, Information, Business Description,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   History, Background Information on Coca Cola Bottling Co. Consolidated†. 2007.   Net  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Industries, LLC. September 3, 2007. Yahoo stock screener.   2007. September 2, 2007. Coca-cola iungles.2006. Soundboard.com/Mountainside, LLC. September 2, 2007.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Investor Relations. 1998-2003. MarketWatch.com Inc. September 3, 2007.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   HOME PAGE FOR THE WORLD'S BUSINESS LEADERS. 2007 Forbes.com LLC. September 3,2007.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ;http://www.forbes.com/finance/mktguideapps/personinfo/FromMktGuideIdPersonTear  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   heet.jhtml?passedMktGuideId=35265;

Learning Styles, Motivation and on the Job Training

The first learning style is sensing vs. intuitive learning style. Sensing learners like learning facts and solving problems by well established methods. Unlike intuitive learners, sensor learners resent testing on material that has not been explicitly covered in training. (p 169) Intuitive learners often prefer discovering new relationships and can be innovative in their approach to problem solving. They dislike repetition and are better at grasping concepts than sensor learners. Unlike sensors, intuitive learners don’t like courses that involve a lot of memorization and routine calculations. In order to get the most out of training, sensor learners need to be intuitive learners at times and at times intuitive learners need to be sensor learners. The trainer can help the sensor learner by organizing the training by using a problem first method. Intuitors can be more difficult to train especially if the training involves a lot of memorization. The trainer can help these people by creating incentives such as a game with a reward for memorizing certain key points of the training. Next there is the visual vs. erbal learner. Visual learners remember best what they see, pictures, diagrams, flowcharts and demonstrations. 169 Verbal learners get more out of words; both written and spoken. Visual learners are among the easiest to train. There are a wide variety of materials available to supplement lectures for the trainer to use to engage the visual learner. The trainer can help the verbal learner by having handouts of the presentation available or providing paper in which the trainee can summarize the presentation in his/her own words. Sequential learners vs. global learners. Sequential learners gain understanding when things are presented step by step. The global learner is one who needs to see the whole picture before being able to absorb the details. The sequential learner can be helped by providing a copy of the lecture material with blank spaces for the sequential learner to fill in key terms and definitions. The global learner can be helped by explaining how each new module fits in with the overall purpose of the training. Active learners vs reflective learners. Active learners need to do something. They can be helped by applying the information, discussing it, or explaining it to others. Reflective learners prefer to think about the new information before applying it. â€Å" Let’s try it out and see how it works† is how the active learner might respond. The reflective learner on the other hand might say, â€Å" Let’s think it through first†. The active learner can be helped by the trainer by being placed in group settings. They have a particularly hard time sitting in a lecture and taking notes. The reflective learner, however, prefers working alone so it might be beneficial to give this type of learner questions to answer at the end of each training module. One of the most frequently used training methods is on the job training (OJT). Compare and contrast the characteristics of an informal OJT program with that of a formal one. Before the advent of training classrooms, on the job training was the most predominant form of training.. This was commonly referred to as apprenticeship. Master craftsmen passed on their skills to novices who worked alongside of them Today, on the job training is used primarily for teaching new technology or increasing skills in the use of current technology. Informal OJT consists of using more skilled co-workers or supervisors to train the less skilled or less experienced employee. The informal OJT has not been thought out or prepared (p 236). The workers generally learn on a trial and error basis with some feedback from supervisors or coworkers. It is also done on an ad hoc basis with no predetermined content or process. With informal OJT there aren’t any objectives or goals and trainers are often chosen on the basis of their technical expertise not their training ability because they haven’t had any formal training on how to train. This creates more room for error because the trainers are often inconsistent and may even be introducing methods that are not approved by the organization. Formal OJT programs are just the opposite. They have a carefully thought out sequence of events. Like informal OJT the trainee gets to observe the trainer performing the job related tasks. Unlike informal OJT, the procedures involved in the tasks are discussed, before, during and after the training. In formal OJT, the trainee does not begin performing the tasks until the trainer feels that they are ready to do so. The trainee is given more and more of the job to perform as he/she masters the each skill necessary to perform the task. Because a trainer is used who is not only experienced with the task but trained as a trainer, the company can be assured that the new employees are learning the tasks more quickly and systematically than in an informal training. Another advantage is consistency of training. The company can be sure that all of the workers performing the same tasks in any of the company departments or locations will be performing in the same manner. With formal OJT, inputs and outputs can be assessed to determine if any modifications need to be made to the training. Describe four factors that should be considered when developing an effective computer based training (CBT) program. One of the biggest factors to consider is the cost of the program. Developing a CBT can be a costly endeavor. Costs of the program include the wages of the course developer as well as the wages of the trainees while they are taking the program (p 276). Then the organization must also consider the costs of the hardware and software needed to conduct the training. The company must then weigh these costs against the number of trainees that will be using the program and how often the program will be needed as well as the frequency of updating the material. The second factor to consider is the control of material and the training process. Because the content is built directly into the program, the company has complete control over the content of the learning material that all trainees are getting. This is advantageous for companies with multiple locations because it allows for consistency in the training. Also, the trainees are moved through the training process based on their understanding of each training module. The trainees can also start and stop the training rocess which allows for minimal disruption in production. CBTs can help employees enhance their knowledge. The CBT can present the facts in several different formats and presentation styles. It also can provide a variety of modules to show the employees how to apply the knowledge to their actual job. Analyze the three things an organization should do to motivate a trainee before the trainee attends training. An organization can have one of the best training programs available, but if the trainees are not motivated they will not learn. When conducting a training program, it is important to remember that the trainees all have different learning styles. Each of the trainees will have a different learning style than the others. Most likely they will have a combination of the sensing/intuitive, active/reflective, visual/verbal and sequential/global learning styles. Because of this it is important to remember that a variety of training methods be incorporated into the training and it is also important to remember that there will be modules of the training that will be more effective for some trainees than others.

Counselling Skills

The purpose of this essay is describing the counselling practices that I did in my class room. I n this reflective essay, I will describe the style of counselling that I used so far , the actions I had taken, the area of skills where I need further improvement, my perception about the feedbacks from other students and faculty supervisor . By discussing this particular experience in detail, I can start to aware of the specific skills and technique which counsellor may use in different situation of the client in order to boost the client to take positive action by her or himself . As part of community welfare curriculum, I need to role paly 20 minutes of counselling session with my colleague. Before the final role play I had done few days of practice sessions with my colleague. I was getting feedback from rest of the classmates and teacher as they would be the observers of the counselling sessions. I found the practice sessions challenging because my friend was acting as client. Even though I was playing the role of counsellor, my mind was struggling to consider my friend as client. Before embarking upon my reflection regarding counselling, I would like to contribute a brief description of about the client. My client was 52years of old lady who was looking after her 72 years of old mother. She (mother of the client) was suffering dementia. The client hast two kids who are studying. As she was working seven days, she wasn’t getting time to ventilate her feeling to anyone. Actually she came to me with complaints of stress. She was afraid to tell her mother she was contemplating nursing home care. Basically I was really focused on my micro skills rather than therapeutic skills† as they plays pivotal role in counselling skills more â€Å"I belief. The micro skills such as empathy, questioning, minimal encourages, paraphrasing , summary, eye contact, body language, voice, structure, observation, listening and reflection of feeling could germinate the pathways to motivate the clients to ventilate his or her deeper feelings and more over could help the counsellor to build up purposeful relationship with client. However I tried to involve bit of cognitive behaviour therapy specifically downward arrow and questioning technique. As a counsellor my intention was to challenge her (client) about her irrational belief’ the mother would be upset when I tell about the need of nursing care ’. I tried to confront the client with the reality of situation by supporting the client to think of probable consequences such as â€Å"what‘s the worst that could happen if tell your mum about nursing home rehabilitation? † And a part from that used technique of universalization by describing similar kind of experiences but it was not enough for my client get enough courage to face her issue. I tried the empty chair concept which I was extracted from gestalt therapy (Patterson, 1986). The empty chair was failure, even though it nurtured the idea of asking the client â€Å"how would to response to a friend of having the same scenario†? That was the turning point as it brought insight to the client that I was anticipating her mother’s response and that was I worried more about rather than agony related to send mother to nursing home. All the counselling sessions were challenging because it was very hard to consider the colleague as a client and more over I was unsure in the beginning where to start, what I would ask, how in depth the session would be and so on. On the basis of the feedback that I got, in the first few days of the counselling role play I was expressing insufficient empathy as I was not acknowledging properly the scenario of the client. The posture wasn’t good enough because I was swinging on my chair. According to my point of view I need to avoid giving advice or tendency of giving solutions as it violates the self-determination right of the client. The comments from my colleagues were very helpful as it helped me to stick in the main stream of counselling structure. In my counselling interventions, the tendency of asking more questions and collecting information (exactly same as case history taking) was not uncommon. The tendency might be because I had taken many case histories before as part of social work studies. It was confusing rather than focusing on the client’s issue. For instance once the client told about the need of rehabilitation for her mother, I was diverted from her (client) stress and started to thinking of certain strategies to deal her mother’s issue (dementia) . Therefore I just need to train myself to focus on the client issue. Feedback has a very good role in improving the skills of the counsellor. It helps to determine the area where improvement or modification is needed. For example I employed empathy but not enough to acknowledge the feelings of the client. The suggestions from my mates demonstrated the way we express empathy towards client’s feelings and also illustrated lots of relevant questions which I could ask to the client. From the brief explanation of self-reflection of counselling skills, counselling mproves personal effectiveness (Narayana Rao, 2002). The counsellor aims to bring about positive action on part of counselee and change the perception or understanding (irrational belief) by him or her shelf. The counsellor should be skilful in employing micro skills and the practical application of some sort of therapies from the counsellors could be helpful to provide self-direction to client or client. The feedbacks or comments from clients, colleagues, supervisors and other organizational staffs bring improvement or development of skills among counsellors. The counsellors themselves learn from experiences. Counsellor education and training or role plays stress the need of consistent approach in terms of counsellor’s experience, personality all reflects in his or her counselling. The practical sessions brings eligibility to counsellors to choose the style, ideas, principles, techniques and methods that appeal to him as meaningful and useful. The new insights from feedback enable the client to re-evaluate the ideas, principles, methods and modify or change according to client’s situation. This role paly session was very helpful for me because it improved my skills of developing counselling relationship with client. Now I hope I know thoroughly how would start? Howe would motivate the client to ventilate his or her feelings? How would I approach therapeutically the client? And also I could learn how could use the technique ‘silence’ effectively? So over all this counselling role paly was a great opportunity to get insight into my advantage and dis advantage of counselling skills. Therefore I would like to take this opportunity to express my sincere thanks to my faculty supervisor and my colleagues. Counselling Skills The purpose of this essay is describing the counselling practices that I did in my class room. I n this reflective essay, I will describe the style of counselling that I used so far , the actions I had taken, the area of skills where I need further improvement, my perception about the feedbacks from other students and faculty supervisor . By discussing this particular experience in detail, I can start to aware of the specific skills and technique which counsellor may use in different situation of the client in order to boost the client to take positive action by her or himself . As part of community welfare curriculum, I need to role paly 20 minutes of counselling session with my colleague. Before the final role play I had done few days of practice sessions with my colleague. I was getting feedback from rest of the classmates and teacher as they would be the observers of the counselling sessions. I found the practice sessions challenging because my friend was acting as client. Even though I was playing the role of counsellor, my mind was struggling to consider my friend as client. Before embarking upon my reflection regarding counselling, I would like to contribute a brief description of about the client. My client was 52years of old lady who was looking after her 72 years of old mother. She (mother of the client) was suffering dementia. The client hast two kids who are studying. As she was working seven days, she wasn’t getting time to ventilate her feeling to anyone. Actually she came to me with complaints of stress. She was afraid to tell her mother she was contemplating nursing home care. Basically I was really focused on my micro skills rather than therapeutic skills† as they plays pivotal role in counselling skills more â€Å"I belief. The micro skills such as empathy, questioning, minimal encourages, paraphrasing , summary, eye contact, body language, voice, structure, observation, listening and reflection of feeling could germinate the pathways to motivate the clients to ventilate his or her deeper feelings and more over could help the counsellor to build up purposeful relationship with client. However I tried to involve bit of cognitive behaviour therapy specifically downward arrow and questioning technique. As a counsellor my intention was to challenge her (client) about her irrational belief’ the mother would be upset when I tell about the need of nursing care ’. I tried to confront the client with the reality of situation by supporting the client to think of probable consequences such as â€Å"what‘s the worst that could happen if tell your mum about nursing home rehabilitation? † And a part from that used technique of universalization by describing similar kind of experiences but it was not enough for my client get enough courage to face her issue. I tried the empty chair concept which I was extracted from gestalt therapy (Patterson, 1986). The empty chair was failure, even though it nurtured the idea of asking the client â€Å"how would to response to a friend of having the same scenario†? That was the turning point as it brought insight to the client that I was anticipating her mother’s response and that was I worried more about rather than agony related to send mother to nursing home. All the counselling sessions were challenging because it was very hard to consider the colleague as a client and more over I was unsure in the beginning where to start, what I would ask, how in depth the session would be and so on. On the basis of the feedback that I got, in the first few days of the counselling role play I was expressing insufficient empathy as I was not acknowledging properly the scenario of the client. The posture wasn’t good enough because I was swinging on my chair. According to my point of view I need to avoid giving advice or tendency of giving solutions as it violates the self-determination right of the client. The comments from my colleagues were very helpful as it helped me to stick in the main stream of counselling structure. In my counselling interventions, the tendency of asking more questions and collecting information (exactly same as case history taking) was not uncommon. The tendency might be because I had taken many case histories before as part of social work studies. It was confusing rather than focusing on the client’s issue. For instance once the client told about the need of rehabilitation for her mother, I was diverted from her (client) stress and started to thinking of certain strategies to deal her mother’s issue (dementia) . Therefore I just need to train myself to focus on the client issue. Feedback has a very good role in improving the skills of the counsellor. It helps to determine the area where improvement or modification is needed. For example I employed empathy but not enough to acknowledge the feelings of the client. The suggestions from my mates demonstrated the way we express empathy towards client’s feelings and also illustrated lots of relevant questions which I could ask to the client. From the brief explanation of self-reflection of counselling skills, counselling mproves personal effectiveness (Narayana Rao, 2002). The counsellor aims to bring about positive action on part of counselee and change the perception or understanding (irrational belief) by him or her shelf. The counsellor should be skilful in employing micro skills and the practical application of some sort of therapies from the counsellors could be helpful to provide self-direction to client or client. The feedbacks or comments from clients, colleagues, supervisors and other organizational staffs bring improvement or development of skills among counsellors. The counsellors themselves learn from experiences. Counsellor education and training or role plays stress the need of consistent approach in terms of counsellor’s experience, personality all reflects in his or her counselling. The practical sessions brings eligibility to counsellors to choose the style, ideas, principles, techniques and methods that appeal to him as meaningful and useful. The new insights from feedback enable the client to re-evaluate the ideas, principles, methods and modify or change according to client’s situation. This role paly session was very helpful for me because it improved my skills of developing counselling relationship with client. Now I hope I know thoroughly how would start? Howe would motivate the client to ventilate his or her feelings? How would I approach therapeutically the client? And also I could learn how could use the technique ‘silence’ effectively? So over all this counselling role paly was a great opportunity to get insight into my advantage and dis advantage of counselling skills. Therefore I would like to take this opportunity to express my sincere thanks to my faculty supervisor and my colleagues. ï » ¿Counselling Skills P1: Describe processes for initiating, maintaining, developing and concluding a helping relationshipA helping relationship is a relationship between the professional and the patient/client which aims to help the client get through difficult situations and encourage the client to overcome their issues.Gerard Egan’s 3 Stage Skilled Helper Mode 1994, provides a basic guideline on how helping relationships should be carried out. It is important that helpers take into consideration the steps provided in the Egan’s mode as it provides structure and positive support to clients.The 3 stages are:1. The Present Scenario 2. The Preferred Scenario 3. Getting ThereWithin each stage there are additional steps which provide detailed guidelines that will help the client achieve the next step in the model.The Present Scenario – Stage 1Expansive 1a. the StoryThis step is to encourage the client to tell the story, the helper should demonstrate good listening skills and support the client tell a detailed and topic related story. It also encourages the client to get side tracked and maintain focus on the problem.Challenging 2a. blind spotsAt times it may be hard for the client to tell the story which got them conflicted. The helper should guide the client to see the situation from different perspectives through empathetic reflections and challenging questions to encourage the client to push oneself to fill in gaps that may be missing from their story.Focusing 1c. leverageThis is the last section of the first stage; at this point the client may feel overwhelmed after telling the helper what the problem is. The helper should aid the client on concentrating on a part of their story that they feel they have the energy to change and resolve.The Preferred Scenario – Stage 2Expletory 2a. possibilitiesAt this stage the helper should encourage the client to think what way they would want their situation to be. The helper should avoid over analysing or judging the client regardless of what the client describe as their perfect scenario. The client should be pushing the client to open their mind and see the bigger picture outside the problem and how they prefer things to be.Reality Testing 2a. change agendaAfter the client expresses how they wish their situation to be, the helper should encourage the client to think of realistic goal (SMART goals) that can be achievable. The client should be thinking of a time frame which they can reach within a certain time limit. The helper should support these and be a mediator for the client when they are setting their goals.Committing 2c. commitmentThe aim of the final step of stage two is for the helper to evaluate the commitment level displayed by the client to achieving their goal. The helper should encourage the client to evaluate the benefits and costs of dedicating oneself to the goal and show their determinacy to achieving it.Getting There – Stage 3Creative 3a. Possible ActionsThe first step of stage 3 aims to encourage the client to brainstorm possible places, people, organisations; actions and attitudes that would them achieve their set goals. The helper should encourage and motivate the client to think widely on possible strategies to achieve their goal (101 ways to achieve the goal).Selecting 3b. best fit strategiesAfter the brainstorm the client will be left with many strategies, the helper should set in to guide the client to select the best and most fitting strategy to achieve their desired goal. The helper should also guide the client to analyse the internal and external factors that may affect the way their strategy is carried out.Moving Forward 3c. pointEgan’s Model final step, this aims to help the client plan their next steps. The plan of action should be broken down into small sections and the client should be confident and positive when explained their action plan to the helper. The helper should be encouraging the client to turn wishes into goals, but avoiding on pushing the client on creating goals that they have no desire of achieving.To conclude Egan’s Model proves to be a concise and important part of a helping relationship as it provides helpers with a structure and guide on how to conduct sessions and how to track improvement from client when reaching a new stage.

Druq design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Druq design - Essay Example Inside the cell, the HIV reverse transcriptase converts the viral RNA into DNA; this DNA is transported into the cell nucleus where it is inserted into the human genome by the HIV integrase enzyme. The HIV DNA may lie dormant, but is later expressed for the synthesis of new HIV proteins and enzymes. The HIV protease is active at this stage of the life cycle where its role is to cut long protein strands to form viral cores. The development of the pathogenic effects of HIV is characterized by the interaction between viral and host factors. A broad spectrum of antiviral strategies was developed for each step of the viral replication cycle. Every stage in the life cycle, and every gene product of HIV is a potential target. Host proteins that are recognized to have an essential role in the viral life cycle are also targets of HIV therapy (Nielsen, Pedersen, & Kjems, 2005). As of 2007, more than 20 anti-HIV drugs have been approved (De Clerq, 2007). The drugs block the enzyme activity of any of the enzyme that HIV needs to replicate inside host cells: reverse transcriptase, protease, fusion inhibitors, and lately integrase inhibitors. The norm is to utilize highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), which combines two or three drugs to overcome the development of drug resistant targets. Nevertheless, multi-drug resistant HIV continue to develop due to the high viral mutation rates. Integrase is the chosen target for the drug to be designed for HIV treatment; it facilitates the insertion of the double-stranded DNA copy of the HIV RNA genome into the host genome, an absolute requirement for viral replication (LaFemina, et al., 1992). Integration of the HIV DNA requires 3 processing of the final two bases of the viral DNA long terminal repeat (LTR), and DNA strand transfer activity. HIV integrase was found to be composed of several multimers with functional domains sufficient for 3 processing and

Employment System in Middle East Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Employment System in Middle East - Essay Example In the third section, a linkage is created between the poverty and employment. In the forth section, linkage of social welfare and employment is created and finally in the last section conclusion is given. Middle Eastern countries comprise of the following countries, i.e. Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Bahrain, Oman Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen, Israel, Jordon, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey, Cyprus, Egypt, Gaza Strip and West Bank. Not all of these countries are well established but there is a good demand of employment in these countries, especially Africa and Dubai. The Growth level in this system is emerging with the passage of time but unemployment rate has not declined to a greater degree. There is still a large amount of population unemployed. This paper focuses on the linkage between the poverty and employment & social welfare and employment. The section three and four will emphasize the two concepts in detail. In 2004-2006 when all the rest of the world was going through a recession in the employment industry, some middle-eastern countries passed through the job creation phase. There was employment opportunity in these areas because the private sector showed major development. There were a lot of foreign and domestic investments made by the local and foreign companies that boosted, enhanced and created job opportunities for the unemployment class. These job opportunities catered well as not only were the demand of the young, energetic, talented and capable people met but also these unemployed workers now were provided with the platform where they could put their best efforts to achieve their potential goals. But it sad to state that apart from all the opportunities, the unemployment level in the Middle East was still very high and a major sector of the workforce still remains unemployed. Middle East is also faced with another disappointing workforce practice, i.e. discrimination has been observed in the middle-eastern countries, as women who are a foremost source still experience through a high level of unemployment rate. It has also been stated that middle-eastern women are more talented and educated than as compared to men but regardless of all the efforts made they are still lacking far behind. This discrimination is widely observed in Egypt. The Middle East is experiencing high economic growth rate and it has been stated that from 2004 to 2006, its real GDP per capita had a 4.0 percent annual increase. But despite all these growths, Middle East also suffers from 25 percent youth employment (which is the recorded as the highest among all regions). Among the employed the highest level are new job seekers of age range of 15- 24 years who account for 50 percent of the unemployment in the region. On the other hand young people with secondary and post secondary education are also faced with employment issues such as mismatching skills and long queues for

PROJECT 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

PROJECT 2 - Essay Example By so doing, it gives the rationale for the alternative methodology in doing this kind of research (Donald, 2010).  The journal is supported by some others on the topic. This research is, therefore, one of the best materials available in action research. It is because it gives more information on action research and the steps that can be followed when carrying out a comprehensive research are also outlined. Kitchen, J., & Stevens, D. (2014). Action research in teacher education: two teacher-educators practice action research as they introduce action research to pre-service teachers. Action Research, 23(3): 7-28.    The article analyses some of the qualitative techniques that are dependent on different forms of discourse analysis. By analyzing the different methods which depend on analysis of the spoken or written language, the journal examines the relevance of discourse analysis, while looking at qualitative techniques (Kitchen & Stevens, 2014). It entails the examination and analysis of different methods and plays an important role in the discourse analysis, which is a significant in the process of action research. Sample methods used in the analysis of the spoken or written language are discussed in the paper. By reading this article, the reader gets more information on discourse analysis. As such, he or she will be in a position to carry out the process without difficulty. Some attributes of the traditional empirical-research have not been taken seriously by various scholars. This article recognizes the advantages and the disadvantages of traditional research (Peters, 2014). By looking at the disadvantages of this type of research, the article seeks to discover the contradictions which may exist in the research methods (Peters, 2014).It comes up with the conclusion that this type of research has its individual extortions to potency. The paper therefore gets rid of the contradictions that may

Organizational culture is fundamentally about symbolic meaning and as Essay - 6

Organizational culture is fundamentally about symbolic meaning and as such cannot be managed. Discuss - Essay Example The reason for such is that once a given culture is introduced into an organization, it ceases to become part of the manageable aspect of the organization but becomes a self regulatory aspect which anybody who joins the system in any rank automatically becomes assimilated into. This is the trend in most organizations. The following discourse mainly focuses on organizational cultures in view of their symbolic meanings and the implications they have on managements. The standards adopted or entrenched in the cultural domain of an organization are very important determinants in its productivity and overall performance. The quality of the customer care service, for instance, is one of the symbolic natures of the organizational attitude since this is the point of the first interaction between a client and the organization’s staff. It is imperative to note that even the quality of the products, levels of safety, and environmental care policies are basis of a firm’s tradition t hat can hardly be altered through the management process. This extends to the marketing mix techniques of a firm, methods of value creation, and the desire to develop new products in the market. The organization must also have a predetermined management structure. It is important to note that the culture of an organization is the symbol of its identity. Consequently, it is not easy to be changed by emerging management dynamics. It is a tradition that gradually grows with the company and ends up defining its overall operational discourse. This simply means that even if a new person is recruited into the firm in any position, one would be compelled to do things in line with the path of action already created. The tradition of an organization also looks like a template onto which all the guidelines towards the anticipated behaviors judged against. It is worth noting that an organization is just like any other social entity with many people working towards achieving a specific goal just like in the rest of the society. In that respect, it can be compared to the general society where, in most cases, the norms are not written anywhere but generations change without manipulating any aspect of the age old traditions. Besides, every generation is always compelled to conform to the dictates of existing norms. The way each organization runs its activities is always unique. This even includes such aspects as public perception of the organization which end up defining the organizational culture. These features are always based on beliefs, attitudes, and customs of the organization. They must always be adhered to for smooth working relations and comfortable working environments. This is not an issue of an overnight arrangement but it is built over a long period of time until it becomes the basis of all the policies of the organization which even the top managers cannot deviate from through any managerial action. The organizational culture is simply a platform on which a man agement tests and implements organizational policies. Take the case of the social standard of top brass managers and how they relate to other employees or members of the public; this is likely to give the true picture of a company (Woodside, 2010). The behavioral conduct of the organizatio

Economics of the UAE Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Economics of the UAE - Research Paper Example According to the estimation made in July’2012, the total population of the nation stood at 5,314,317. The majority of the population belonging to the UAE has been viewed to be the Muslims, apart from other religious groupings such as Hindus and Sikhs. The currency of the country has been recognized to be Emirati Dirham and Arabic is regarded as its official language. Apart from Arabic language, the other languages that prevail in the UAE include English, Urdu, Persian and Hindi. Most importantly, the country emphasizes upon educating both men along with women and is making considerable investments in this particular sector. The UAE government is a federal one that is structured with specified legal powers (The Cultural Division of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates, â€Å"UAE Facts in Brief†). The UAE possess an open sort of economy bearing a high ‘per capita income’ along with a large yearly trade surplus. The country has undergone a deep transformation from the region of arid desert to a modern state since the detection of oil in the country. With this detection, the living standards of people of the UAE had raised by a significant level. It has been viewed that the government of the UAE has enlarged its spending in two significant arenas that include infrastructure development and job creation with the intention of enhancing the economy of the country at large. The various decisive factors such as the worldwide financial crisis, deflated prices of the assets and the tight international credit contributed in constricting the economy of the UAE in the year 2009. The different industries that prevail in the UAE which comprise petrochemicals, transport, real estate, pharmaceuticals, cement, aluminum and ceramics among others considerably affect the economy of the country by a greater extent. With regard to assess the economic condition of the UAE, it has been observed

Does the British media have significant power Essay

Does the British media have significant power - Essay Example From this point of view, their power in promoting specific political, social and economic trends cannot be doubted; however, it should be examined whether this power is positive or negative. Most of the theorists who studied the specific issue – as the relevant literature is presented below – agree that the British media can have a key role in the improvement of the local political, social and economic rules and initiatives; from this point of view, the specific industry should be characterized not just as a tool for the promotion of the views of the leading political and economic forces but also as a means for securing social equality and fairness; it should be also regarded as a tool for criticizing and evaluating the plans of the local government; at this point, the value of British media could be significant ensuring the alignment of the governmental decisions with the local laws and ethics. 2. British media – role and power 2.1 British media – descrip tion and role In order to understand the power of media industry in Britain it would be necessary to refer primarily to the characteristics and the role of this industry; then, its power could be identified and evaluated – taking into consideration the local ethics and culture. In accordance with Stokes et al. (1999) the media industry in Britain is not similar to the media industries of other countries; reference is made though not to the content of the term but rather on its potential forms. More specifically, it is explained that in Britain, the term ‘media’ is used to describe the ‘books, newspapers, television programmes, films and music’ (Stokes et al. 1999, p.1); however, the content/ texts of British media is unique – being related to the country’s ethics (Stokes et al. 1999, p.1). This fact, leads to the following assumption: in Britain, the role of the media industry in the development of political and social decisions can be significant – reaching higher levels compared to other countries where there is no such close relationship and interaction between the media and the local culture – an issue also analyzed in section 2.2 below. A more descriptive definition of media is provided in the study of Oakland (2011); in accordance with the above researcher ‘the term ‘media’ may include any communication system by which people are informed, educated or entertained’ (Oakland 2011, p. 258). The above definition reveals the potentials of media in terms of supporting specific social or political trends; moreover, it proves that people of all ages are expected to be influenced by the media – being exposed to the media in different ways – either in the context of education, of entertainment or just of information/ professional support, as described above. In accordance with Garnett et al. (2007) in order to understand whether the British media interact or not wi th politics, it would be necessary to explain primarily whether such interaction would be positive or negative – referring to its effects on the country’s political framework. In any case, it is noted that the freedom of the British media should be secured – no matter whether the information provided to the public is well – justified (Garnett et al. 2007, p.62). At the next level, it is explained

There is no longer a need for prerogative powers today. They should Essay

There is no longer a need for prerogative powers today. They should all be in statutory form. - Discuss - Essay Example Thus, there is near consensus amongst the members of Parliament and the general public for discarding this concept. In the Iraq war issue, Prime Minister Tony Blair empowered Parliament to vote in support of the war. This was defective on two counts. First, Parliament should be empowered to declare war, without having to rely on any transfer of power by the Prime Minister. Second, there is no safeguard to prevent a future Prime Minister from waging war, without the consent of Parliament.2 The executive governmental powers constitute some of the prerogative powers. For example, the Crown is empowered, among other things, to conduct foreign relations. It is also empowered to conduct international affairs, declare war and sue for peace. The Crown can deploy the armed forces, appoint ministers and dissolve Parliament. However, the exercise of these powers necessitates the advice of the government. 3 Her Majesty has been provided with certain constitutional powers, which she can exercise as personal prerogative. These include the power of immunity from prosecution in the courts. Another such power is immunity from tax. Furthermore, the Queen enjoys proprietary interests in royal fish. Thus, the Royal Prerogative is an admixture of powers, rights, immunities, duties, and obligations.4 The empowerment of the Crown to conduct foreign relations and international affairs, to deploy the armed forces to a limited extent, to appoint ministers, dissolve Parliament and provide assent to bills, and to declare war or sue for peace, constitute its prerogative or executive powers. However, most of these powers can only be exercised by Her Majesty the Queen, after obtaining the advice of the government. There are a few powers that the Monarch can exercise independently; such as the dissolution of Parliament, creation of peers and providing assent to bills. In addition, the Queen can exercise some constitutional powers, as a part of her personal prerogative. These include immunity from prosecution, tax, and some proprietary interests. Thus, the royal prerogative is comprised of powers, immunities, rights and a miscellany of minor attributes like the prerogative of mercy. The Bill of Rights 1689 reduced the prerogatives of the Crown to a significant extent. The immunity for liability of the Crown in tort and contract was abolished by the Crown Proceedings Act 1947. In the Amphitrite case, the court ruled that the government of the UK was not bound by the assurance given to the ship owners. The courts had determined and controlled the scope and limitations of the executive powers of the government. Such powers had been distinguished from the executive powers derived from the Royal Prerogative.5 This decision brought home the fact that the prerogative powers were not absolute. The powers related to the Royal Prerogative, saw the light of the day, only in the year 2003. Most of these powers were left untouched, because their use would have resulted in a constitut ional crisis. This was evident in an issue in which the monarch refused the Royal Assent to an Act of the Parliament. These powers include the right to declare war on a foreign country and impose a state of emergency, within the nation. In addition, it consists of the right to pardon offenders in serious crimes.6 Moreover, it comprises of the right to deny passports and to exercise Crown ownership in several areas.

Alternative economic models Essay Example for Free

Alternative economic models Essay 1. If two alternative economic models are offered, other things equal, we would 2. Time-series forecasting models: 3. Consumer expenditure plans is an example of a forecasting method. Which of the general categories best described this example? 4. An example of a time series data set is one for which the: 5. For studying demand relationships for a proposed new product that no one has ever used before, what would be the best method to use? 6. Which of the following barometric indicators would be the most helpful for forecasting future sales for an industry? 7. If Ben Bernanke, Chair of the Federal Reserve Board, begins to tighten monetary policy by raising US interest rates next year, what is the likely impact on the value of the dollar? 8. An appreciation of the U.S. dollar has what impact on Harley-Davidson (HD), a U.S. manufacturer of motorcycles? 9. The purchasing power parity hypothesis implies that an increase in inflation in one country relative to another will over a long period of time 10. In an open economy with few capital restrictions and substantial import-export trade, a rise in interest rates and a decline in the producer price index of inflation will 11. An increase in the exchange rate of the U.S. dollar relative to a trading partner can result from 12. The optimal currency area involves a trade-off of reducing transaction costs but the inability to use changes in exchange rates to help ailing regions. If the US, Canada, and Mexico had one single currency (the Peso-Dollar) we would tend to see all of the following EXCEPT: 13. Using demand and supply curves for the Japanese yen based on the $/ ¥ price for yen, an increase in US INFLATION RATES would 14. The isoquants for inputs that are perfect complements for one another consist of a series of: 15. The combinations of inputs costing a constant C dollars is called: 16. In a production process, an excessive amount of the variable input relative to the fixed input is being used to produce the desired output. This statement is true for: 17. If the marginal product of labor is 100 and the price of labor is 10, while the marginal product of capital is 200 and the price of capital is $30, then what should the firm? 18. The isoquants for inputs that are perfect  substitutes for one another consist of a series of: 19. Marginal factor cost is defined as the amount that an additional unit of the variable input adds to ____. 20. What method of inventory valuation should be used for economic decision-making problems? 21. The existence of diseconomies of scale (size) for the firm is hypothesized to result from: 22. ____ are defined as costs which are incurred regardless of the alternative action chosen in a decision-making problem. 23. The cost function is: 24. For a short-run cost function which of the following statements is (are) not true? 25. According to the theory of cost, specialization in the use of variable resources in the short-run results initially in: