History of Public Health Systems Essay

common wellness is abtaboo helping every 1 to stay ample rather than focusing specifically on the soul, with the aim to instigate wellness, protecting individuals from threats to their wellness and keep opening bilious- wellness. man wellness policies bring forth make a signifi burnt impact in increasing a someones oerall life expectancy and up(a) wellness. ( creation wellness) ordinary wellness StrategiesPublic wellness strategies argon devised in secernate to keep on the spread of unsoundnesss, prolong life and put up health. This thunder mug be done finished the use of monitoring, identifying, developing programmes etc. observe the health status of the community Is a key aspect of health strategies that be in place indoors the UK. This health strategy helps to monitor all changes that legislate in the health of the universe, on with qui vive individuals to any(prenominal) dominance problems.wellness passim the UK is monitored by quality of life, inf ant fatality rate judge and life expectancy (Baker L, 2008, BTEC interior(a) Health and mixer C be support 2, knave 2) The monitoring of health end-to-end the country allows for advanced planning of topical anesthetic services within the community that whitethorn be at stake of accredited health problems. The monitoring of health at a topical anesthetic level allows for training to be recorded in advance worldness comp atomic number 18d to the health of other communities cross slipway the country. topical anaesthetic information on health is an beta aspect as it is collected on a geographical basis through and throughout the UK, for causa vaccination rates, hospital admissions etc.This is one way on health tin lot be monitored, as in the cases of other communities they may have higher(prenominal) incidence rates of certain ailments whereas others may have low incidences of sicknesss. Communities that have a higher rate of disease argon monitored supercharge and health promotion campaigns leave alone be developed before being congeal into effect in baseball club to overturn the insecurity of disease diffusion within the community. The health status of a community batch vary throughout the nation and depend on a variety of factors, of which can allow matureGenderSocio-economic conditionsGeneticsEnvironmental factors by means of the use of monitoring health changes any problems that may arise in the future twenty-four hour period within communities can be identify in advance in regulate for it to be prevented. For example the rise of sexually transmitted diseases within topical anaesthetic communities would monitored in graze to predict any potential problems that may occur in the future and stop them from taking place.Identifying the health demand of the population The health of the nation is mensural by using mortality and unwhole close toness rates of which have indicated how mass be now liveness longer than that of their predecessors.Identifying the health inquires of the population is another chief(prenominal) aspect of public health strategies within the UK this takes place when trends and patterns in local anaesthetic communities crosswise the nation atomic number 18 established. By identifying the health ineluctably of individuals located in a particular community means that the need for services can on that pointfore be identified. Patterns can be detected throughout the country through the use of subject atomic number 18a statistics. subject field statistics are used in ramble to de confinesine how health can be im tasted and how areas of concern can be highlighted, on with the effects of ill health may be cut back and prevented. Patterns of illness and disease can maybe be the result of certain factors, of which entangle genetics, environment, lifestyle, direction etc.However some parts of the country may be to a greater extent unvaccinated to certain illnesses and diseases than others due to the patterns that are depict by the field of study Statistics and social trends information. Developing programmes to dishonor pretend and screen for earlier disease blanket is the process of identifying apparently healthy pile who may be at change magnitude risk of a disease or condition. They can consequently be offered information, further tests and appropriate treatment to reduce their risk and/or any complications arising from the disease orcondition. As defined by the UK internal Screening Committee (UK NSC). Health programmes are developed found on the information gathered by epidemiologists. An epidemiologist is a person who studies patterns of diseases or health risks in population groups, societies, and cultures.The Department of Health produces a young opus that proposes what the targets of health should be and is found on these decisions as to how the disposal fulfill the go outings. From this a white paper is produced, of w hich goes into point as to how and what course of action is taken. An example of recent white papers can include Our Healthy Nation and Our fitter Nation (1999). The aim of the white paper is to inform and protect members of the public by influencing social changes in regards to the health of the nation. (L, 2008, BTEC national Health and Social trouble curb 2, page 4). Examples of topical public health programmes include Five a day campaign, MMR immunization programme and the Local NHS pot Service. domineering communicable disease Controlling communicable diseases is an important aspect of public health strategies in the UK, of which involves planning to include screening and early catching, isolation and treatment, containment, legal community and cure eradication where doable. (Baker L, 2008, BTEC subject field Health and Social electric charge declare 2, page 7) The early detection of a disease can prove useful, as it can put up insight on the name and the spre ad of the disease along with being able to highlight any potential risks that the disease may cause to an individual or group of tidy sum especially in vulnerable people much(prenominal) as young children, and the elderly. offspring children and the elderly are more susceptible to disease due to their immune scheme being much weaker than the average individual therefore it is important in the early detection of an transmittance in rove to stop this from occurring.Isolating individuals with communicable diseases enables to take a breather controlled, in order to reduce and prevent the risk of dispersal the disease. A resident physician residing in a tutorship syndicate that was diagnosed with tuberculosis for example, would be moved to a room on their own, in order to plug that the disease is not accordingly passed to another service user withinthe home is one example.Containing a disease can occur at a national and local level this can occur once the source of the infec tion has been identified and plan has been developed and put in place in order to reduce the risk of the disease reoccurring. The measures that are taken in which to contain the disease can vary from short, medium, to long call measures. (Baker L, 2008, BTEC home(a) Health and Social Care Book 2, page 7)Short term measures limited visiting, un required travel, treatment and isolation Medium/long term measures immunisation programme, appropriate medical treatment, educating individuals about the risks, eradicating incidence of disease where it proves affirmable to do soEradicating disease is now becoming possible due to advances in research and technology. Advances in technology means that more is cognise about the causes of illness and disease along with how the disease is spread. This advance has been made possible through the use of early detection and surveillance, monitoring, screening, treatment and immunisation programmes, health education and promotion. (Baker L, 2008, BTEC field of study Health and Social Care Book 2, page 8)Promote the health of the population Health booster amplifiers are tasked with the promoting the health of the population on a local and national scale. Health promoters are found in a variety of settings, such as, GP surgeries, drop-in centres, radio, magazines and schools. They are prioritised on local need and the availability of funding for the necessary resources. These priorities can be identified through the number of surveyed illnesses and diseases through local statistics.Any illnesses or diseases taken from the statistics prove to be either life heavy or cause an individual to cast off a substantial amount of period in hospital would then be mothern top priority in the promoting of health. Individuals who may be overweight can potentially be at risk of coronary heart disease afterwards on in life. The health promoter would thereby curb that diets and exercise are promoted through the use of proper street on both a local and national level.Planning and evaluating the national render of health and social accusation The National provision of Health and Social care within the UK is planned and evaluated by the National Health Service and Social Services. This is based on the information provided by health and social care professionals on a local, regional and national scale crosswise the UK. The government have produced guidelines and information to call down how they will tackle the problems controlling and preventing septic disease spread. (Baker L, 2008, BTEC National Health and Social Care Book 2, page 8) The strategies outlined in the guidelines by the government are a series of proposed actions in order to create a system in which to prevent, investigate and control the threat of infectious diseases and to address health protection on a wider scale.M1 Describe the origins of public health policy in the UK from the 19th blow to the present day.In this essay I will compare two divergent health measures in the 19th degree centigrade and how they have made an impact on society at once. I am alike going to compare and explain the sprightliness conditions of towns and cities in the 19th, 20th and 21st century. Public health has developed considerably over the years and the changes that have occurred overtime forge on the health concerns of the nation during individually time period. These changes are what have produced the Public Health system that is currently in place today. Over the years vast amounts of medical knowledge of todays health professionals have increase in response as to how diseases are spread, along with the advances in medicine that have aided in helping to reduce the incidence of infectious diseases.During the 19th century the living conditions were exceedingly paltry and there were various health issues of which include overcrowding in housing and overcrowding in general, thereby resulting in the spread of disease.The Poor fa ir play fiddle (1834) was established in 1834. The Poor Law was designed in order to reduce the cost of looking after the poor and impose a system whichwould be the same all across the country. The industrial revolution led to the development of towns and cities across the UK. The population of the nation had increased cursorily once the Poor Law act as was utilise. The countrys poverty simpleness system had not been amended since 1601, before finally coming into play as a result of Edwin Chadwick, John century.The Public Health Act was prototypal implemented in 1848 in order to ensure that sanitary conditions were provided for in populated areas across the UK. In response to the Public Health Act 1848 The General Board of Health was developed so as to ensure that all public health policies that were administered were carried out as effectively as possible. Edwin Chadwick was the first commissioner of the board. The implementation of the act allowed for authorities operative with civil engineers and medics to improve sanitization. (Baker L, 2008, BTEC National Health and Social Care Book 2, page 14)Edwin Chadwick (1800-1890) was accredited for his motion on the rehabilitation of the Poor Law. Edwin Chadwick was appointed by the government to carry out investigations and research into current sanitation. Chadwick wrote a report outlining his findings cognize as The Sanitary Conditions of the Labouring Population publish in 1842. In his report Chadwick argued that disease had a direct link to living conditions. After the report was produced new measures were taken in order to help promote the safe disposal of human idle and rubbish. Chadwick believed that poor sanitary conditions caused disease.John coke (1813-1858) was a British physician commended for his work in relation to the epidemic cholera clap in 1854. hoodwink was an anaesthetist and epidemiologist interest in the practices of cleanliness and hygiene put in place to help prevent disea se. Snow formed the link between the cholera outbreak to the contaminated water residing in the water pump in bounteous Street. In 1854, Snow identified that a water pump in patient of Street located near one of the cess pits was what was contaminating the water thereby linking the immense Street pump as the outbreak site of the disease. Higher mortality rates were linked to the Broad Street pump. He had the handle ofthe pump removed, and cases of cholera straightaway began to diminish.Throughout the 20th century more Acts and Reforms were put in place in order to reduce the risk of spreading infection that led to illness and disease among the UK population. This included Beveridge hide (1942), NHS (1946), Black Report (1980), Acheson Report (1998), Our Health Nation (1997), manner of speaking Lives Our Healthier Nation (1999).William Beveridge (1879-1963) produced The Beveridge Report in 1942, which went on to become the basis of a series of reforms after the Second land Wa r, by looking into way on reducing inequalities in the health care provision. This report has been used as the substructure for most social legislation. The Beveridge Report was a major influence in the cornerstone of The Welfare State along with The National Health Service founded in 1949. The Beveridge report focussed on sanitation and shipway to improve and change the educational standards of areas which were passing bear on by poverty. The report suggested that the working(a) class gave a share of their engage in order to aid those who did not work, those of which who were either sick, unemployed, retired or widowed were then given these contributions.The government tasked Beveridge with the developing a report that was based on the ways that Britain should be rebuilt once the Second manhood War ended. The report was published in 1942 and provided recommendations to the government in order to find ways of tackling the five Giant Evils known as Want, Disease, Ignorance, S qualor and Idleness.Edwin Chadwick 1842, William Beveridge 1942 and the sporty news report Report making fitter choices easier seek to improve overall public health. Whereas Chadwick focused on poverty, Beveridge focused on sanitation and the White report card was specific to health.Beveridge and the White Paper Report making healthier choices easier focused on poverty and how it affected a persons overall health. Whereas in the Beveridge report he chose to drop a line about The Welfare State, whilst the White Paper talked about reducing inequalities to health.John Snow and the White Paper Report both used statistics in order to provide evidence in order to give insight into the condition of public health and what need attention before large-minded suggestions on how to improve it.Works CitedPublic Health. (n.d.). Retrieved from https//www.gov.uk/government/topics/public-health.Wright, J., Williams, R., & Wilkinson, J. (1998, April 28 ). BMJ Health needs assessment. British M edical Journal, 1310-1313.Anon, (2014). online acquirable at http//www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/lesson08.htm) Accessed 3 Oct. 2014.Bbc.co.uk, (2014). BBC History historic Figures John Snow (1813 1858). online easy at http//www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/snow_john.shtml Accessed 3 Oct. 2014.Bbc.co.uk, (2014). BBC History William Beveridge. online Available at http//www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/beveridge_william.shtml Accessed 3 Oct. 2014.Spartacus Educational, (2014). Edwin Chadwick. online Available at http//www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PHchadwick.htm Accessed 3 Oct. 2014.wiseGEEK, (2014). What is an Epidemiologist? (with pictures). online Available at http//www.wisegeek.com/what-is-an-epidemiologist.htm Accessed 4 Oct. 2014.